Astrology, a type of divination that involves the forecasting of earthly and human events through the observation and interpretation of the fixed stars, the Sun, the Moon, and the planets. Devotees believe that an understanding of the influence of the planets and stars on earthly affairs allows them to predict and affect the destinies of individuals, groups, and nations. Though often regarded as a science throughout its history, astrology is widely considered today to be diametrically opposed to the findings and theories of modern Western science

Vedic Astrology, known as Jyotish, originated in ancient India based on the Vedas, the oldest sacred text of Hinduism. , Jyotiṣa, is defined as Jyotiṣam sūryādi grahāṇām bodhakamśāstram, the system which explains the influences of the sun, moon, and planets.  Vedic astrology tracks planets using stars or constellations, while Western astrology uses the position of the Sun.

Indian astrology came explicitly to light around 1200 BCE, when the monk Lagadha compiled the Vedānga‐Jyotiṣa based on Vedas, in which lunar and solar months are described, with their adjustment by Adhimāsa (lunar leap month). ṛtus (seasons), years, and yugas (eras) are also described. Twenty‐seven constellations, eclipses, seven planets, and twelve zodiac signs were also known at that time.

In the period from 500 BCE to the beginning of the Christian era some texts were written on the subject of astrology. Nineteen famous sages composed their Siddhāntas (texts). Candra‐prajnapti, Sūrya‐prajnapti, and Jyotiṣakaraṇḍaka were written. The Sūryasiddhānta, the ancient text of Indian astrology, was composed around 200 BCE.

Indian astrology predicts the future, understands personality, and aids decision-making. Key elements include Nakshatras, representing 27 lunar mansions; birth charts revealing destiny and strengths/weaknesses; and planetary positions for future aspects.